Iran executed three men on Thursday accused of killing police officers during protests in January, marking the first hangings the country has carried out related to the nationwide demonstrations that were met with a brutal crackdown by authorities.
Rights groups said the three men, who included a 19-year-old wrestler who had competed internationally, were executed without a fair trial and had given confessions under torture.
Mehdi Ghasemi, Saleh Mohammadi (19) and Saeed Davoudi were hanged in the city of Qom south of Tehran after being convicted of the capital crime of waging war against God, known as moharebeh under Iran’s sharia law, the judiciary’s Mizan news agency said.
They had been found guilty of involvement in the killing of two police officers and carrying out “operational actions” in favour of Israel and the United States.
Amnesty International said Mohammadi, a wrestling champion who had competed in international competitions, was denied “adequate defence and forced to make ‘confessions’… in fast-tracked proceedings that bore no resemblance to a meaningful trial”.
Norway-based group Iran Human Rights said the three “had been sentenced to death following an unfair trial, based on confessions obtained under torture”. It said Mohammadi had only turned 19 last week.
Iranian legal affairs monitor Dadban said they were “deprived of effective access to independent counsel and the right to defence” and under such circumstances the use of the death penalty resembles an “extrajudicial killing”.
Risk of mass executions
Iranian authorities the day before executed Kouroush Keyvani, a dual Iranian-Swedish national, on charges of spying for Israel, in a hanging strongly condemned by Stockholm and the European Union.
That was the first public announcement of such an execution since Israel and the United States launched strikes on Iran on 28 February, killing supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and triggering the war that has spread across the Middle East.
“We are deeply concerned about the risk of mass executions of protesters and political prisoners in the shadow of war,” said Iran Human Rights.
“These executions are carried out to spread fear in the society, as the Islamic Republic knows that the main threat to its survival comes from the Iranian people demanding fundamental change,” it added.
The hangings were the first officially announced executions related to the protests which broke out in Iran in late December against the rising cost of living before developing into nationwide anti-government demonstrations that peaked on 8 and 9 January.
Rights groups accuse security forces of killing thousands in their crackdown on the protests, which authorities blamed on the United States and Israel.
The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency has recorded more than 7 000 killings, with the vast majority protesters, while warning the toll could be far higher.
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Tehran has acknowledged that more than 3 000 people died during the unrest, including members of the security forces and innocent bystanders, and attributed the violence to “terrorist acts”.
Iran’s hardline judiciary chief Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei has warned there will be “no leniency” against those convicted of violent acts during the protests.
Iran Human Rights said hundreds of people are facing charges linked to the protests that could see them sentenced to death. US President Donald Trump initially warned the United States would attack Iran if it executed protesters but subsequently focused on its nuclear programme.
Iran is the world’s most prolific executioner after China, according to rights groups. Last year it hanged at least 1 500 people, according to figures from Iran Human Rights.
The Islamic republic executed 13 people on charges related to the 2025 June war with Israel and 12 people on charges related to 2022-2023 nationwide protests, according to rights groups.
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