Flu cases are already rising across South Africa as winter approaches, according to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), making it essential to get vaccinated before infections peak. And news has it that a severe strain of flu can be expected this season.

Health experts are urging the public to act now, as the flu vaccine takes about two weeks to build immunity – meaning those who delay may be left vulnerable during the coldest months ahead.

Unlike a common cold, influenza is a highly contagious virus that can cause high fever, body aches, extreme fatigue and respiratory distress. In severe cases, it can lead to hospitalisation or death, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or pre-existing conditions.

Many people do not realise they are contagious one or two days before they feel any symptoms, meaning they can unknowingly infect friends, family or colleagues. Asymptomatic people or those who dismiss symptoms as a common cold often spread the virus in high-contact environments such as office spaces, public transport, shopping centres and schools.

The flu vaccine helps the body build antibodies that protect against the most common strains predicted for the year.

Who needs it most

The vaccine is vital for people who are severely vulnerable to illness, including pregnant women, older adults aged 65 and above, children under five, and individuals with chronic health conditions such as HIV, diabetes, tuberculosis, asthma and heart disease. Healthcare workers, caregivers and people living in crowded environments are also at higher risk.

However, even young and healthy individuals should get vaccinated. Because flu viruses spread easily and people are contagious before showing symptoms, vaccination protects those around you.

If left untreated, the flu can lead to pneumonia, hospitalisation (particularly in older adults and young children), cardiac events triggered by respiratory illness, and worsening of existing conditions.

Annual reformulation

The flu vaccine is reformulated every year to protect against new strains circulating during colder months, which is why last year’s vaccine will not provide adequate protection.

It is recommended that South Africans get the flu vaccine in April and May to help the immune system prepare for the colder months of June, July and August.

The vaccine contains an inactive form of the virus strain that is most prevalent that year. It is normal to experience mild flu-like symptoms after vaccination – this is the immune response building immunity and cannot make you sick.

Individuals with allergies or who have had an allergic reaction to the flu vaccine should speak to a healthcare provider before getting vaccinated.

Where to get vaccinated

The flu vaccine is available from general practitioners, clinics and selected pharmacies. Most medical aids cover the cost of the vaccine, though members should check their benefit plans to confirm coverage of both the consultation and the vaccine.

Some companies organise employee wellness days in partnership with medical aid schemes, where staff can book flu vaccinations.

The National Department of Health provides free flu vaccines to healthcare workers, children, individuals aged 65 and older, people with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease and immunosuppressive conditions, as well as pregnant women.

Health experts recommend getting vaccinated annually and encouraging loved ones, especially the elderly, young children and pregnant women, to do the same.

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