{"id":117193,"date":"2019-08-07T12:14:35","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T10:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novanews.co.za\/rooirose\/?p=117193"},"modified":"2019-08-07T12:16:39","modified_gmt":"2019-08-07T10:16:39","slug":"toni-morrison-is-oorlede","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novanews.co.za\/rooirose\/toni-morrison-is-oorlede\/","title":{"rendered":"Toni Morrison is oorlede"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toni Morrison is oorlede. Hooffoto: Beloved<\/a>, deur Toni Morrison<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Die Amerikaanse skrywer en Nobelpryswenner, Toni Morrison, is op die ouderdom van 88 op 6 Agustus 2019 oorlede. Ons onthou di\u00e9 uitstekende skrywer met \u2019n Beeld van \u2019n Vrou uit ons argiewe.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Beeld van \u2019n Vrou: Toni Morrison dans op papier<\/h4>\n

Sy skryf oor donker dae en donker dinge, maar Nobelpryswenner Toni Morrison se prosa het vlerke \u2026
\ndeur Salom\u00e9 Snyman<\/em><\/p>\n

LET WEL: Hierdie artikel het oorspronklik in die Februarie 2005-uitgawe van rooi rose verskyn.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mark Twain se klassieke verhaal Huckleberry Finn, het Toni Morrison gepla: Jim is nie as \u2019n volwaardige mens uitgebeeld nie. Net in een tragiese toneel kom die leser agter dat hy \u2019n eie lewe het wanneer hy vir Huck vertel dat sy dogter n\u00e1 \u2019n siekbed doof geword het.<\/p>\n

Toe besluit sy om die bordjies te verhang \u2026<\/p>\n

En nou, meer as \u2019n eeu n\u00e1 di\u00e9 verhaal geskryf is, het di\u00e9 klein vroutjie vir swart Amerikaners \u2019n plek oopgeskryf.<\/p>\n

Toni, \u2019n professor in letterkunde by Princeton Universiteit, is die eerste swart vrou aan wie die Nobelprys vir letterkunde toegeken is.<\/p>\n

Maar sy hou nie van etikette soos \u201cswart skrywer\u201d nie en wag vir die dag wanneer mense nie meer op grond van ras onderskei word nie.<\/p>\n

Tog is haar temas gegrond op ras: slawerny, rassehaat, die ironie van die lotgevalle van sogenaamde freedmen<\/em> en hul nageslagte en die gepaardgaande maatskaplike probleme wat veral vroue raak. Maar haar unieke hantering van di\u00e9 uitdagende temas plaas haar in die geselskap van die w\u00eareld se voorste skrywers soos J. M. Coetzee en Salman Rushdie.<\/p>\n

Vir Toni vervaag die grense tussen oorheerser en onderdrukte, oorsaak en gevolg, goed en kwaad. Maar politiek moet altyd ondergeskik wees aan die estetiese, hou sy vol: \u2019n storie moet altyd beautiful<\/em> wees.<\/p>\n

Sy pak wel onaangename onderwerpe, maar haar karakters is nooit tragiese slagoffers nie. Die mens se onblusbare gees vier sy in kleurryke, amper-liriese prosa wat as \u2019t ware op die papier dans.
\nDans en musiek is inderdaad \u2019n groot invloed in Toni se werk.<\/p>\n

Haar ma, Ramah Willis, se familie was musikante wat na Kentucky getrek het nadat hulle hul familiegrond in Alabama verloor het en verplig was om bywoners te word. Haar oupa was \u2019n violis en haar ma het klavier gespeel in stilfliek-teaters. En w\u00e1s sy lief vir sing. Toni onthou: \u201cMy mother sang opera, she sang sentimental Victorian songs, she sang arias from Carmen, she sang jazz, and she sang blues, she sang what Ella Fitzgerald sang, and she sang \u2018Ave Maria\u2019.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Die musiek wat haar kinderjare gevul het, het \u2019n blywende indruk op Chloe (Toni se doopnaam) gemaak. In haar roman Jazz (1992) herroep sy die atmosfeer van Harlem in die vroe\u00eb twintigste eeu: \u201cIn the T-strap shoes of Long island debutantes, the sparkling fringes of daring short skirts that swish and glide to music that intoxicates them more than the champagne. It is in the eyes of the old men who watch these girls, and the young ones who hold them up. It is in the graceful slouch of the men slipping their hands into the pockets of their tuxedo trousers. Their teeth are bright; their hair is smooth and parted in the middle. And when they take the arms of the T-strap girls and guide them away from the crowd and the too-bright lights, it is the clicking that makes them sway on unlit porches while the Victrola plays in the parlor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Toni het goeie herinneringe van haar kleintyd in Lorain, Ohio, waar haar pa, George Wofford, in die depressiejare moes swoeg om sy vrou en vier kinders te onderhou. Hy was onder andere karwasser, sweiser en konstruksiewerker net om die pot aan die kook te hou.<\/p>\n

Toni het van kleins af aanklank gevind by die betowerende kultuur van die gemeenskap waarin sy grootgeword het se gospelmusiek, skinderstories, bygelowe en spookstories. Elemente van magiese realisme in haar werk en haar aangetrokkenheid tot skrywers soos Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez dui op die ryke erfenis van di\u00e9 kultuur wat \u2019n onuitputlike bron van inspirasie vir haar eie stories was.<\/p>\n

Sy vertel dat sy eintlik in twee tale opgevoed is: boeketaal en die volkstong van familiebyeenkomste waartydens die kinders aan die lippe gehang het van grootmense wat wonderlike stories vertel het.<\/p>\n

Maar daar was \u2019n skadukant \u2026<\/p>\n

Daar word vermoed dat \u2019n toneel uit haar eerste roman, The Bluest Eye, wanneer \u2019n swart dogtertjie lekkers by \u2019n wit winkelier koop, Toni se eerste gewaarwording van rassisme as kind beskryf:
\n\u201cShe looks at him and sees the vacuum where curiosity ought to lodge. And something more. The total absence of human recognition.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Erkenning is iets waarvoor Toni hard moes werk. Sy het goed gepresteer op ho\u00ebrskool en is na Howard Universiteit in Washington, D.C., waar sy in 1953 \u2019n B.A.-graad behaal het. N\u00e1 haar voorgraadse studies het sy \u2019n meestersverhandeling voltooi oor die selfmoord-dryfveer in die werke van Virginia Woolf en William Faulkner. Later in haar lewe het sy afkeurend daarna verwys as \u2019n \u201cshaky thesis\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e1 haar M.A.-graad het sy lektorsposte beklee by die Universiteit van Texas en Howard Universiteit, ook die plek waar sy haar man ontmoet het. Sy is met die Jamaikaanse argitek, Harold Morrison, getroud en twee seuns, Harold Ford en Slade Kevin, is uit die huwelik gebore.<\/p>\n

Maar di\u00e9 huwelik van ses jaar was bitter ongelukkig – en om te ontsnap, het Toni begin skryf \u2026<\/p>\n

Sy het net in haar verbeelding geleef: \u201cI had no will, no judgment, no perspective, no power, no authority, no self – just this brutal sense of irony, melancholy, and a trembling respect for words.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Haar skryfwerk was aanvanklik net stukke wat sy geskryf het toe sy nog op skool was – soos di\u00e9 van \u2019n lelike meisietjie wat gewens het dat sy blou o\u00eb gehad het – \u2019n storie wat haar eerste roman, The Bluest Eye, geword het en waarin sy konvensionele opvattings oor uiterlike skoonheid bevraagteken het.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1 haar egskeiding is sy sak en pak New York toe om as \u2019n senior redigeerder by die bekende Random House-uitgewers te werk. In di\u00e9 pos het sy Afro-Amerikaanse skrywers en hul werk bevorder – en haar eie skryfloopbaan het ook momentum gekry met die publikasie van haar tweede roman Sula in 1973. Dit handel oor \u2019n vriendskap van veertig jaar tussen twee vroue. Toni het daarin geslaag om die wanhoop, samehorigheid en deursettingsvermo\u00eb van die daaglikse bestaan van swart gemeenskappe van die jare twintig en dertig treffend uit te beeld. Oor kritiek dat haar uitbeeldings oordrewe (\u2018larger than life\u2019<\/em>) is, het sy opgemerk: \u201cThere isn\u2019t anything bigger than life!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

In haar derde boek, Song of Solomon, het sy \u2019n nuwe uitdaging aangepak: haar hoofkarakter, Milkman Dead Jr., is \u2019n man – en sy moes skielik soos \u2019n man dink. Daaroor s\u00ea sy: \u201cI couldn\u2019t use the metaphors I\u2019d used describing women. I needed something that suggested dominion – a different kind of drive.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

Opmerkings soos di\u00e9 het haar as feminis gebrandmerk.<\/p>\n

Tog het Toni getrou gebly aan haar beginsel om albei kante van \u2019n saak te ondersoek.<\/p>\n

Hoewel sy die onderdrukking en mishandeling van vroue kritiseer, was daar altyd empatie met mans se probleme en identiteitskrisisse.<\/p>\n

Song of Solomon is in 1978 met die National Book Critics\u2019 Circle Award bekroon.<\/p>\n

Haar volgende boek, Tar Baby (1981), is louerig ontvang, maar toe kom Beloved (1987), wat allerwe\u00eb as \u2019n letterkundige meesterstuk bestempel is. Dit is met onder meer die gesogte Pulitzerprys bekroon en het bygedra dat die Nobelprys vir letterkunde in 1993 aan haar toegeken is.<\/p>\n

Dis \u2019n hartverskeurende ware verhaal oor \u2019n vroueslaaf, Sethe, wat met haar kinders ontsnap het en vir haarself \u2019n nuwe lewe wou skep. Maar die slawevanger het hulle opgespoor, en Sethe probeer haar kinders \u2019n lewe in kettings spaar: sy probeer hulle vermoor \u2026<\/p>\n

Toni het di\u00e9 boek opgedra aan \u201cSixty million and more\u201d<\/em> – almal wat in slawerny in Amerika dood is.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are many stories told in this novel, each a testimony to a slightly different aspect of slave experience, none balking from revealing the psychic and physical horrors of slavery.\u201d<\/em> S\u00f3 skryf sy die stories van mense wat deur die geskiedenisboeke ge\u00efgnoreer is \u2026<\/p>\n

Maar van \u2019n aktiewe rol as vegter vir menseregte wil sy niks weet nie: \u201cI am active in terms of where I speak, and the things I write about.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Dit wil lyk asof Toni \u2019n siklus voltooi. In haar voorlaaste roman Paradise (1998) en weer in haar laaste roman Love (2003) keer sy terug na een van haar gunstelingtemas: female bonding <\/em>en konfronteer ook haar pa se meerderwaardigheidsgevoel wat gegrond was op rasegtheid, wanneer sy \u2019n nuwe geslag bekend stel wat nie aan haat en vergelding wil vasklou nie. [Sedert 2005 het Morrison nog drie boeke geskryf, naamlik A Mercy<\/em> (2008), Home<\/em> (2012) en God help the child<\/em> (2015)].<\/p>\n

Op 73 is Toni nog volstoom aan die gang: Sy skryf onverpoos, gee nog klas en lewer w\u00eareldwyd praatjies en referate.<\/p>\n

Maar oor haar persoonlike lewe s\u00ea sy min – net dat haar twee seuns vir haar \u2019n groot plesier is. Die oudste, Ford, is \u2019n musikant en \u2019n klankingenieur, en die jongste, Slade, \u2019n argitek.<\/p>\n

Joernaliste vertel dat haar skerp intellek hulle intimideer, maar dat haar flambojante voorkoms (sy dra juwele en klere wat nie eintlik met \u2019n stywe akademiese atmosfeer versoen word nie) en haar aansteeklike lag die teenoorgestelde uitwerking het.<\/p>\n

Dalk som die joernalis Gloria Naylor Toni en haar werk die raakste op: \u201c \u2026 the person that talks in a whisper is the one you always lean toward. Your books just whisper at the reader and you move in, you move in, and then you finally hear what\u2019s being said \u2026 \u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As jy van hierdie artikel oor Toni Morrison gehou het, loer hier vir nog verhale van inspirerende vroue<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Die Amerikaanse skrywer en Nobelpryswenner, Toni Morrison, is op die ouderdom van 88 op 6 Agustus 2019 oorlede. Ons onthou di\u00e9 uitstekende skrywer met \u2019n Beeld van \u2019n Vrou uit ons argiewe. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":117206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[661,51523,675],"tags":[147,1387,3434,32171],"class_list":["post-117193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ons-mense","category-beeld-van-n-vrou","category-bekendes","tag-bekendes","tag-celebs","tag-ons-mense","tag-beeld-van-n-vrou"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nToni Morrison is oorlede | rooi rose<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Die Amerikaanse skrywer en Nobelpryswenner, Toni Morrison, is op die ouderdom van 88 op 6 Agustus 2019 oorlede. 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